司马璐:一波三折的张国焘变节记

张国焘在加拿大

1938年4月4日,张国焘代表边区政府祭轩辕黄帝,趁机脱党。张国焘到中部县,国民党陕西省政府主席蒋鼎文也到了,双方同时祭陵。祭陵时,两个人站在一起,张国焘对蒋鼎文说了一句:“我想和你多谈谈”。蒋会意,当即吩咐自己随从将张国焘的警卫隔开。张国焘上了蒋鼎文的座 车又说了一句:“我想见见蒋委员长”。

延安方面,获悉张国焘去了西安,立刻电告西安的中共最高负责人林伯渠,要林“严加保护”,林对张说,党内有什么问题都好商量,要张先回延安。由于张态度坚决,终于摆脱了林的阻挠。
4月11日,张国焘到了汉口,李克农率一批人把他从火车站劫走,他逃了,李克农派人追踪他,把他的行李从旅馆偷偷搬走,然后又再把他“请”到八路军办事处,他又逃了。李克农、童小鹏等和张国焘之间的三“请”三逃,过程曲折,惊险万分。其中,有一次李克农架着张国焘上车,周恩来挽着张的臂膊,张大叫:“绑架啊!”当时周恩来的公开身份是国民政府的军事委员会政治部副主任,他身为国民党的高官,也有国民党的特务秘密“保护”,惊问何事。周回答“没有你们的事,我们要带这个人(指张国焘)去看病”。周恩来顺手把张国焘推进汽车,扬长而去。由于国民党的特务已把所见的经过报告上去,所以张国焘被周“请”到八路军办事处时,很受礼待。但是实际上软中夹硬,准备挟持回延安。

当时中共在武汉最高的机构是长江局。长江局书记王明对张国焘说:“你是党的最高领导人之一,党的组织原则和纪律你应该是知道的”。秦邦宪附和王明的话说:“你的行动应该通过组织,报告中央;你是边区代理主席,擅离岗位,自由行动,错误严重!”
周恩来笑着说:“我们暂时不要谈这些吧!国焘同志一路辛苦,我们办一桌酒席、为国焘同志接风;然后,让国焘好好休息。”饭后,周恩来又笑对张国焘说:“国焘,你大概很久没有喝过这么好的茶了,这是西湖最好的龙井。”
张国焘呷了一口,也笑说:“果然是好茶,好茶。”周恩来见气氛缓和,于是就进一步向张国焘说:“老朋友,老同志,随便谈谈吧,这些年,你对党做了很多艰苦的工作,你对党的贡献太大了,因此党对你也特别关心。国焘,你可以不可以告诉我,你这次到武汉来,到底是准备做一些什么呀?”
张国焘见周恩来如此这般友善,心也软了一半,就随口说:“看看老朋友,做做统战工作嘛。”

周恩来笑说:“我本来以为你只是散散心而已,原来你随时都想到党的工作,做党的统战工作,真是太好了。”周恩来接着又问:“你打算见些什么人呢?”
张国焘坦率地说:“我想见蒋介石,蒋委员长,我既然是边区政府代理主席,到了武汉,是应该向他报告边区工作的。”
周恩来脸色一沉,向李克农招呼了一声:“你把张副主席好好侍候,好好侍候,我有点事要办。”说完,周恩来就匆匆走了,李克农会意,与张国焘寸步不离,连张国焘上厕所,也守在外边。
4月16日,周恩来对张国焘说:“长江局已向中央请示过,中央同意你见蒋介石,我也与蒋介石的侍从室联系好了,我现在就陪你一起去见蒋介石。”
“你陪我?”
“是的,我一定要陪你,这是中央指示的。”
于是,张国焘在周恩来的陪同下去武昌见蒋介石,在汉口至武昌的轮渡上,周恩来对张国焘说:“老毛的确胡来,但是,只有留在党内才能制止他,如果大家都走了,老毛不是更加胡来吗?”
我问张国焘:“你当时对周恩来的这段话,怎样看呢?”
张国焘答我:“我被周恩来骗过很多次了,他总是明一套暗一套的,怎敢相信他。”

到了武昌,周恩来吩咐李克农说:“在进入蒋介石官邸以前,你们必须和我们保持一段距离,避免蒋的警卫人员产生怀疑。”李克农当然遵命。张国焘、周恩来见到蒋介石,彼此只说了几句客套话,蒋说改天再详细谈。他们前后大约20分钟就出来了,在远处等候的李克农绝没有想到蒋介石接见周恩来、张国焘这么快就草草结束。当他们从蒋氏官邸走出时,周恩来突然见到一位熟人,正想闪避,对方叫了一声:“恩来,你看望委座来了?”周恩来连忙向对方行了一个军礼,答了一个 “是”字。周恩来当时是蒋介石委任的中将。张国焘一看周恭敬的神态,断定对方一定是国民党中比周恩来官阶高的官儿。正当周走向对方寒暄时,张心想,天赐良机,此时不走,更待何时,拔腿就跑,周恩来也顾不得他和国民党高官的礼貌,随后就追,两个中共大人物在武昌大街小巷像小孩子捉迷藏似的,绕了几个圈,张国焘终于又逃了。
李克农是特务高手,他手持蒋介石委任的上校证件,率领一班身着国民党军人制服的中共党员,在武昌市内作地毯式的搜索,声称“捉拿逃犯”,终于在一个旅馆内又把张国焘找到了。
李克农向张国焘鞠了一躬,抱歉地说:“张副主席,你受惊了,这里不方便,随我上办事处吧?”张国焘坚持不去办事处,他对李说:“你们要杀我或者枪毙我,就在这个旅馆行事吧”。
4月17日,周恩来到旅馆见张国焘,面色凝重,向张国焘提出三个可以选择的办法:

第一、回延安;第二、向中央请假;第三、声明脱党,再由中央宣布开除。张表示接受第三个办法。
4月18日,中共中央宣布开除张国焘。

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